Mathematics

Pythagoras

Join your teacher's live session.

Your teacher will give you the session code.

✓ Session Ready

Class

Share this code with your students

Students open this app, tap "I'm a Student", enter their name, and type this code.

Class Live · 0 students online

Firebase Configuration

A default database is already configured. You only need to change this if you want to use your own Firebase project. Leave blank and save to restore the default.

Default: triangles-3cda9-default-rtdb.firebaseio.com

Section 1 · Learn

Squares on Right Triangles

Over 2,000 years ago, the Greek philosopher Pythagoras noticed something amazing about right-angled triangles:

If you draw a square on each side of a right triangle,
the big square always has the same area
as the two small squares added together.

A 3–4–5 triangle.   9 + 16 = 25

A 5–12–13 triangle.   25 + 144 = 169

The rule is: a² + b² = c², where a and b are the two short sides and c is the longest — the hypotenuse.

In the next sections you'll investigate which sets of whole numbers actually make this rule work — we call those Pythagorean triples.

Section 2 · Learn

Check a Triple

A Pythagorean triple is a set of three positive whole numbers (a, b, c) that make a² + b² = c² true. The biggest number is always c — the hypotenuse.

How to check:
① Square the two smaller numbers and add them → a² + b²
② Square the biggest number →
③ If they are equal → it's a triple ✓   If not → it isn't ✗

Example: is (3, 4, 5) a triple?

3² + 4² = 9 + 16 = 25
5² = 25
Equal → (3, 4, 5) IS a triple ✓

Example: is (6, 8, 11) a triple?

6² + 8² = 36 + 64 = 100
11² = 121
Not equal → (6, 8, 11) is NOT a triple ✗

Section 3 · Learn

Scale a Triple

Here's the big discovery: if you multiply every side of a Pythagorean triple by the same whole number, you get another Pythagorean triple.

(3, 4, 5) × 2 = (6, 8, 10)

Check: 6² + 8² = 36 + 64 = 100   and   10² = 100. Equal ✓

(3, 4, 5) × 3 = (9, 12, 15) → still a triple

Why does this always work?
(3k)² + (4k)² = 9k² + 16k² = 25k² = (5k)²
Squaring distributes the k, so every side scales together.

What about decimal scaling?

If we multiply (3, 4, 5) by 1.2, we get (3.6, 4.8, 6). The right-triangle rule still works: 3.6² + 4.8² = 36 = 6². But it's no longer a triple — a Pythagorean triple must be three whole numbers.

Section 4 · Learn

Find the Scale Factor

Going backwards: if you're given a scaled-up triple and one of its sides is missing, you can find it by working out the scale factor from a known triple.

Example: (5, 12, 13) scales to (45, ?, 117). Find the missing side.

① Divide a matching side: 117 ÷ 13 = 9   → the scale factor is k = 9
② Check with another side: 45 ÷ 5 = 9
③ Find the missing side: 12 × 9 = 108

Reducing a big triple

The other direction: given a big triple like (210, 280, 350), find the simpler triple it came from by dividing by a common factor.

210 ÷ 70 = 3,   280 ÷ 70 = 4,   350 ÷ 70 = 5. So (210, 280, 350) = (3, 4, 5) × 70.

Section 1 · Learn

Identify the Hypotenuse

The hypotenuse is the longest side of a right-angled triangle, and it is always the side opposite the right angle — the side that does not touch the 90° corner.

Three things to remember:
① Longest side  ·  ② Opposite the 90° corner  ·  ③ Never touches the right angle

Examples — in any orientation

Notice: the hypotenuse doesn't care which way the triangle is turned. It is always opposite the square marker.

Section 1 · Practice

Click the hypotenuse

Tap the side that is opposite the right angle.

Section 2 · Learn

Find the Hypotenuse

If you know the two short sides (legs), you can find the hypotenuse. Square both short sides, add them, then take the square root.

short² + short² = long²
long = √(short² + short²)

Worked Examples

Section 3 · Learn

Find a Short Side

If you know the hypotenuse and one short side, you can find the other short side. Same rule, rearranged: subtract the known short side's square from the hypotenuse's square, then take the square root.

short² = long² − short²
short = √(long² − short²)

Worked Examples

Complete

Module Complete!

🎓

You have worked through all three sections of Pythagoras' Theorem.

What you now know:
① The hypotenuse is opposite the right angle and is the longest side.
② To find it: long = √(short² + short²)
③ To find a short side: short = √(long² − short²)